Perfect Timing: Associations Between Dietary Timing, Eating Intervals and Metabolic Health

Abstract Background: Metabolic disorders are on the rise resulting in an increased need for novel interventions to combat this growing concern. One such intervention is time-restricted eating, which consolidates caloric intake a shortened eating duration, and has consistently demonstrated improvement metabolic health. Additional could harness circadian clocks, help regulate daily rhythms of hormone release maintain homeostasis. Circadian influenced by timing food therefore meal may also impact Objective: To examine whether was associated with health independently duration. Methods: Data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), nationally representative U.S. survey physical exam. We analyzed two non-consecutive dietary recalls, fasting glucose insulin 10,575 adults (>18) over four cycles (2005–2012). calculated interval duration as time between first last occasion (>10kcal) formulated three groups: <10h, 10-13h, >13h. then created 6 subgroups based start (before or after 0830 h) analyze associations timing. Linear regression analyses controlling demographics were computed determine estimated resistance using HOMA-IR. Results: Fasting did not differ significantly among groups. Adjusted mean HOMA-IR shorter (2.23, 2.20, 1.97 >13h; p<0.05). When occurred before h compared h, adjusted decreased across all (1.96 vs 2.28 2.13 1.94 p <0.05). had similar pattern (96.3 mg/dL 98.7 97.3 98.4 99.3 < 0.05). In models where both entered continuous variables, only Later higher HOMA values (p<.001) Conclusion: Shorter durations, i.e. worse outcomes, except when paired earlier time. All early better outcomes regardless These findings suggest that more strongly measures than supports strategies.